Chromatography is a powerful analytical technique widely used for separating and purifying components within a mixture. The core principle of chromatography involves the movement of a mixture through a stationary phase by a mobile phase. As the components of the mixture travel through the stationary phase, they interact differently with Read more…
What are Exosomes?Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30 to 140 nm in diameter. They are crucial carriers of various functional substances, including proteins, non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, and lipids. Acting as important messengers between cells, exosomes can significantly alter the biological activity of recipient cells. The term “exosome” Read more…
Lipids represent a diverse and complex group of compounds that are chemically and structurally non-homogeneous. These molecules are primarily characterized by their solubility in organic solvents and their insolubility in water. In nature, lipids encompass a variety of substances, including fatty acids and their derivatives, such as esters and amines. Read more…
Fatty acids are a vital class of carboxylic acid compounds characterized by hydrocarbon chains attached to carboxyl groups. These compounds are predominantly found in esterified forms within various lipids, including neutral lipids, phospholipids, and glycolipids. Collectively, these are often referred to as fatty acid esters or total fatty acids. The Read more…
Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, are trace organic compounds synthesized within plants that play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of growth and development. These hormones are produced in specific tissues and can be transported to different parts of the plant, where they exert their effects at remarkably Read more…
Microbial metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that focuses on the comprehensive analysis of metabolites produced by microorganisms. This area of research is crucial for understanding microbial physiology, interactions, and their roles in various ecosystems, including human health and disease. The research process in microbial metabolomics typically encompasses several key Read more…
Cytokines are a diverse group of small protein molecules that play crucial roles in the immune system and various biological processes. They are synthesized and secreted by a range of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as certain non-immune cells Read more…
CAR T-cell therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field of oncology, particularly in the treatment of certain types of blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. This innovative therapy involves the genetic engineering of T cells, which are a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune response. Read more…