In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most effective, commonly performed, and final infertility treatment in the world. However, you need to be thorough about what the steps involved with this assisted reproductive technology (ART) entail. You can consider this your introductory guide.
First, IVF is a sequence of procedures that involves fertilizing an egg outside a woman’s body in a specialized laboratory. It is often performed after other methods of trying to get pregnant have failed.
This is how IVF works, Step by Step:
Before IVF treatment Pakistan, you will have an evaluation of your uterus and fallopian tubes to ensure there are no problems that require surgical repair. Pre-cycle testing includes a hormonal evaluation to assess thyroid function and ovarian reserve, screening for sexually transmitted infections in both partners and semen analysis of the male partner.
Most women will take fertility drugs for ovarian stimulation for 8-14 days; the average is 10-11 days. Ovarian stimulation is used to mature multiple eggs for egg retrieval. Even if ovulation is regular, fertility drugs are used to produce more than one egg because pregnancy rates are higher with more eggs. Typically, an average of 10-20 eggs are retrieved for IVF. However, not all are viable to use, as only two hirds are adequately mature on average.
Your doctor will carefully design a protocol to try to get the maximum number of eggs while protecting against the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Fertility drugs are usually injected for IVF, and you will be monitored frequently with hormone tests and vaginal ultrasounds for the best outcome. Once an ultrasound determines that you have a sufficient number of large enough follicles and your estrogen level is at the right level, you will receive an injection of hCG or another medication. This replaces the natural surge of luteinizing hormone that a woman has that stimulates the final stage of egg maturation so that the eggs can be fertilized.
Egg recovery
Thirty-four to thirty-six hours after receiving the injection, before your eggs ovulate, you will undergo a surgical procedure to remove the eggs from the follicles in your ovaries. For this egg retrieval procedure, ultrasound is used to visually guide a small needle through the top of your vagina into one ovary and then the other. It would be best if you did not experience any pain or discomfort during the process, as you will be under IV sedation while being closely monitored by an anesthesiologist.
The follicles are inserted with the needle, and the contents of the follicular fluid are removed by gentle suction, which draws the egg into the fluid; the whole process usually takes less than 30 minutes. You may experience mild cramping on the day of the procedure, which generally goes away the next day. There may be a feeling of fullness and pressure due to the expansion of the ovaries by ovarian stimulation. This may last for a few weeks.
The fluid from the follicles, which contains the egg, is aspirated by the IVF in Pakistan doctor through small tubes and into a test tube. The test tube baby in Pakistan is then given to an embryologist who uses a microscope to find the egg in each test tube of follicular fluid. All details of the eggs are carefully recorded. The number of eggs produced and retrieved depends on the patient’s age, ovarian reserve, response to ovarian stimulation and sometimes the ability to access the ovaries with the needle.
Fertilization
Once the eggs arrive at the lab, they are examined by experts for maturity and quality. Mature eggs are transferred to a particular culture medium, placed in an incubator, and, a few hours after egg retrieval, are fertilized with sperm. There are two ways to fertilize an egg: conventional insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The best IVF center in Islamabad team (doctors and embryologists) will determine which process will be used, depending on multiple factors related to the couple undergoing IVF. Both methods have about the same success rate. ICSI is used about 70% of the time when factors make fertilization less likely due to poor sperm quality or previous IVF failure.
For the conventional method, sperm are placed in the culture medium in a small petri dish containing an egg; the sperm and egg are incubated in the dish in the laboratory, allowing the sperm to enter the egg on their own. For ICSI, a sperm is injected into the egg’s cytoplasm using a needle and a sophisticated surgical microscope. No matter which process is used, fertilization is verified the following day.
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